BibliographiesBryer, Jackson R. and Robert A. Rees. A Checklist of Emerson Criticism 1951-1961. Hartford: Transcendental Books, 1964.Burkholder, Robert E. and Joel Myerson. Emerson: An Annotated Secondary Bibliography. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985.Burkholder, Robert E. and Joel Myerson. Ralph Waldo Emerson: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism, 1980-1991. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994.Woodlief, Annette. Emerson's Prose: An Annotated Checklist of Literary Criticism Through 1976. Studies in the American Renaissance, 1978. Pages 105-160.See also Paul Reuben's Emerson bibliography and Donna Campbell's bibliography.Belknap Press at Harvard University publishes the definitive editions of Emerson's works,including lectures and journals.BiographyAllen, Gay Wilson. Waldo Emerson; a Biography. NY: Viking P, 1981.Barish, Evelyn. Emerson: The Roots of Prophecy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1989.Buell, Lawrence. Emerson. Cambridge: Belknap [Harvard] P, 2003.Bufano, Randolf J. "Emerson's Apprenticeship to Carlyle, 1827-1848." American Transcendental Review. 13 (1972): 17-25.Gonnaud, Maurice. An Uneasy Solitude. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1987.Harris, Kenneth Marc. Carlyle and Emerson: Their Long Debate. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.McAleer, John. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Days of Encounter. Boston: Little, 1984.Porte, Joel. Emerson in His Journals. Cambridge: Belknap P, 1982.Slater, Joseph, ed. The Correspondence of Emerson and Carlyle. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.Porte, Joel. Representative Man: Ralph Waldo Emerson in his Time. NY: Oxford UP, 1978.Richardson, Robert D. Emerson : The Mind on Fire : a Biography University of California: Berkeley, 1995.Robinson, David. Apostle of Culture. Philadelphia: UP Press, 1982.Rohler, Lloyd. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Preacher and Lecturer. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1995.Rusk, Ralph. The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. NY: Columbia UP, 1957.Thurin, Erik Ingvar. The Universal Autobiography of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Lund, Sweden: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1974.Wagenknecht, Edward. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Portrait of a Balanced Soul. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.Criticism and CollectionsSelected criticism on Emerson's Poetry.Allen, Thomas M. "The Geological Revolution in American Time." Conference on Temporal Politics. [http://epsilon3.georgetown.edu/~coventrm/asa2001/panel9/allen.html.]Anderson, John Q. The Liberating Gods. Coral Gables: Univ. of Miami P, 1971.Bishop, Jonathan. Emerson on the Soul. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1964. Portions reprinted in Sealts, pp. 140-44, and Konvitz, pp. 201-10.Brown, Lee R. The Emerson Museum: Practical Romanticism and the Pursusuit of the Whole. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997.Buell, Lawrence, editor. Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, NJ. 1993.Burkholder, Robert and Joel Myerson, eds. Critical Essays on Waldo Emerson. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1983.Cady, E. H. and Louis Budd, eds. On Emerson. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1988.Carpenter, Frederic Ives. Emerson and Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1930.Carpenter, Frederic. The Emerson Handbook. NY: Hendricks House, 1953.Cavell, Stanley. Conditions Handson and Unhandsome: The Constitution of Emersonian Perfectionism. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1990.Cayton, Mary Kupiec. Emerson's Emergence: Self and Society in the Transformation of New England, 1800-1845. Chapel Hill: UNC P, 1989.Cheyfitz, Eric, The Trans-Parent: Sexual Politics in the Language of Emerson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1981.Donadio, Stephen, Stephen Railton, and Ormond Seavey. Emerson and His Legacy: Essays in Honor of Quentin Anderson. Carbondale: SIU P, 1986.Duncan, Jeffrey. The Power and Form of Emerson's Thought. Charlottesville: U VA P, 1973.Ellison, Julie K. Emerson's Romantic Style. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984.Field, Susan L. The Romance of Desire: Emerson's Commitment to Incompletion. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1997.Garvey, T. Gregory, ed. The Emerson Dilemma: Essays on Emerson and Social Reform. Athens: Uni of GA P, 2001.Geldard, Richard G. The Esoteric Emerson: The Spiritual Teachings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press, 1993.Geldard, Richard G. God in Concord: Ralph Waldo Emerson's Awakening to the Infinite. Burdett, N.Y.: Larson, 1999.Gelpi, Donald L. Endless Seeker: The Religious Quest of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1991.Gougeon, Len. Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990.Harris, Kenneth Marc. "Coleridge, Carlyle and Emerson." Essays in Literature. Fall 89: 263-279.Hodder, Alan D. Emerson's Rhetoric of Revelation: Nature, the Reader, and the Apocalypse Within. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1989.Hopkins, Vivian C. Spires of Form: A Study of Emerson's Aesthetic Theory. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1951.Hudnut, Robert K. The Aesthetics of Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Materials and Methods of His Poetry. Edwin Mellen Press, 1996.Hughes, Gertrude Reif. Emerson's Demanding Optimism Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.Hutch, Richard A. Emerson's Optics: Biographical Process and the Dawn of Religious Leadership. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983.Ihrig, Mary Alice. Emerson's Transcendental Vocabulary. New York: Garland, 1982.Jacobson, David. Emerson's Pragmatic Vision: the Dance of the Eye. University Park: Penn State UP, 1993.Kateb, George . Emerson and Self-Reliance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage P, 1995.Konvitz, Milton R. and Stephen E. Whicher, eds. Emerson: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1962.Lange, Lou Ann. The Riddle of Liberty: Emerson on Alienation, Freedom, and Obedience. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1986.Leary, Lewis. Ralph Waldo Emerson: An Interpretive Essay. Boston: Twayne, 1980.Levin, David, ed. Emerson: Prophecy, Metamorphosis and Influence. New York: Columbia UP, 1975.Levin, Jonathan. The Poetics of Transition: Emerson, Pragmatism, and American Literary Modernism. Durham: Duke UP, 1999.Lopez, Michael. Emerson and Power: Creative Antagonism in the Nineteenth Century. Dekalb, ILL: N ILL UP, 1996.Loving, Jerome. Emerson, Whitman, and the American Muse. Chapel Hill: UNC P, 1982.Makarushka, Irene S. Religious Imagination and Language in Emerson and Nietzsche. New York: St. Martin's, 1994.McMillin, T. S. Our Preposterous Use of Literature: Emerson and the Nature of Reading. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.Michael, John. Emerson and Skepticism : the Cipher of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins P, 1988.Mott, Wesley T. and Robert Burkholder, ed. Emersonian Circles: Essays in Honor of Joel Myerson. Rochester: URochester, 1997.Myerson, Joel, ed. Emerson Centenary Essays. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1982.Myerson, Joel, ed. Historical Guide to Ralph Waldo Emerson. Oxford, 2000.Neufeldt, Leonard. Emerson: New Appraisals: Symposium. Hartford, CN: Transcendental Books, 1973.Neufeldt, Leonard, The House of Emerson. Lincoln, NE: U Nebraska P, 1982.Newfield, Christopher. The Emerson Effect: Individualism and Submission in America. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago P, 1996.O'Keefe, Richard R. Mythic Archetypes in Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Blakean Reading. Kent: Kent State UP, 1995.Packer, Barbara. Emerson's Fall. New York: Continuum, 1982.Paul, Sherman. Emerson's Angle of Vision: Man and Nature in American Experience. Harvard University: Cambridge, 1952.Poirier, Richard. The Renewal of Literature: Emersonian Reflections. New York: Random House, 1987.Porte, Joel, editor. Emerson: Prospect and Retrospect. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982.Porte, Joel, Emerson and Thoreau: Transcendentalists in Conflict. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1966.Porte, Joel and Saundra Morris, editors. The Cambridge Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.Porter, David T. Emerson and Literary Change. Harvard University: Cambridge, 1978.Rao, Adapa Ramakrishna. Emerson and Social Reform. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1980.Roberson, Susan L. Emerson in His Sermons. Columbia: University of Missouri P, 1995.Robinson, David. Apostle of Culture: Emerson as Preacher and Lecturer. Philadelphia: U Penn P, 1982.Robinson, David M. Emerson and the Conduct of Life: Pragmatism and Ethical Purpose in the Later Work. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Robinson, David. The Spiritual Emerson: Essential Writings. Boston: Beacon Press, 2003.Rosenwald, Lawrence. Emerson and the Art of the Diary. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.Rountree, Thomas J., editor.Critics on Emerson. Coral Gables: U Miami P, 1973.Sacks, Kenneth S. Understanding Emerson: "The American Scholar" and His Struggle for Self-Reliance. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003.Scheick, William J. The Slender Human Word: Emerson's Artistry in Prose. Knoxville: UT P, 1978.Schermeister, Pamela. Less Legible Meanings: Between Poetry and Philosophy in the Work of Emerson. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999.Sealts, Merton M. and Afred R. Ferguson, eds. Emerson's "Nature"--Origin, Growth, Meaning. 2d ed. Carbondale: SIU P, 1979.Sealts, Merton M., Jr. Emerson on the Scholar. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1992.Simon, Myron, and Thonton H. Parsons, eds. Transcendentalism and Its Legacy. Ann Arbor: UMich P, 1966.Steele, Jeffrey. The Representation of the Self in the American Renaissance. Chapel Hill: UNC P, 1987.Teichgraeber, Richard F., III. Sublime Thoughts/Penny Wisdom: Situating Emerson and Thoreau in the American Market. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1995.Van Cromphout, Gustaaf. Emerson's Ethics. Columbia: University of Missouri P, 1999.Van Cromphout, Gustaaf. Emerson's Modernity and the Example of Goethe. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1990.Van Leer, David. Emerson's Epistemology: The Argument of the Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986.Versluis, Arthur. The Hermetic Book of Nature: An American Revolution in Consciousness. St. Paul, Minn.: Grail, 1997.Wagoner, Hyatt. Emerson as Poet. Princeton University: Princeton, 1974.Whicher, Stephen. Freedom and Fate: An Inner Life of Emerson. NY: AS Barnes, 1953.Wilson, Eric. Emerson's Sublime Science. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999.Yoder, R. A. Emerson and the Orphic Poet in America. Berkeley: Univ of California P, 1978.Zwarg, Christina. Feminist Conversations: Fuller, Emerson, and the Play of Reading. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1995.